Tax on income from salary, business, capital gains, house property and other sources. IT Act 1961 governs up to AY 2025-26 (FY 2024-25). IT Act 2025 applies from Tax Year 2026-27 (AY 2026-27 onwards), effective 1 April 2026.
Select a topic above. All panels show both IT Act 1961 section and IT Act 2025 equivalent section.
Old & New regime
HRA, standard deduction
Rental income, loss
Presumptive taxation
STCG, LTCG rates
80C to 80U
Section-wise rates
Which form to use
Instalments & dates
All key due dates
Govt portals
Both regimes remain available for individuals. IT Act 2025 renumbers sections but rates are unchanged. New regime is the default from TY 2026-27.
From 1 April 2026, IT Act 2025 replaces IT Act 1961 for new transactions. The new tax regime moves from Sec 115BAC (1961) โ Sec 202 (2025). The rebate under Sec 87A (1961) โ Sec 159 (2025). Tax rates are unchanged.
| Income Slab | Rate | FY 2025-26 / IT Act 1961 (AY 2025-26) | TY 2026-27 / IT Act 2025 (AY 2026-27) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nil slab | Nil | Up to โน3,00,000 | Up to โน4,00,000 |
| 5% | 5% | โน3,00,001 โ โน7,00,000 | โน4,00,001 โ โน8,00,000 |
| 10% | 10% | โน7,00,001 โ โน10,00,000 | โน8,00,001 โ โน12,00,000 |
| 15% | 15% | โน10,00,001 โ โน12,00,000 | โน12,00,001 โ โน16,00,000 |
| 20% | 20% | โน12,00,001 โ โน15,00,000 | โน16,00,001 โ โน20,00,000 |
| 25% (new slab) | 25% | โ | โน20,00,001 โ โน24,00,000 |
| 30% | 30% | Above โน15,00,000 | Above โน24,00,000 |
| Income Slab | Below 60 yrs | Senior (60โ80 yrs) | Super Senior (80+) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Up to โน2,50,000 | Nil | Nil | Nil |
| โน2,50,001 โ โน3,00,000 | 5% | Nil | Nil |
| โน3,00,001 โ โน5,00,000 | 5% | 5% | Nil |
| โน5,00,001 โ โน10,00,000 | 20% | 20% | 20% |
| Above โน10,00,000 | 30% | 30% | 30% |
| Total Income | Surcharge Rate | Provision |
|---|---|---|
| Up to โน50 lakh | Nil | โ |
| โน50 lakh โ โน1 crore | 10% | Sec 2(9) 1961 โ Sec 2(29) 2025 |
| โน1 crore โ โน2 crore | 15% | Same |
| โน2 crore โ โน5 crore | 25% | Same |
| Above โน5 crore | 37% (New regime: 25%) | Same |
Health & Education Cess: 4% on (income tax + surcharge). Applicable under both Acts.
| Company Type | Rate | IT Act 2025 | IT Act 1961 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic (turnover โค โน400 Cr) | 25% | Sec 115BA | Sec 203 |
| Domestic (turnover > โน400 Cr) | 30% | Sec 4 | First Schedule |
| New mfg. company | 15% | Sec 115BAB | Sec 204 |
| Foreign Company | 40% | Sec 4 | First Schedule |
Income taxable under the head "Salaries". Sections are renumbered but provisions are identical under IT Act 2025.
The substantive provisions for salary income are retained but renumbered in IT Act 2025.
| Regime | Amount | IT Act 2025 | IT Act 1961 |
|---|---|---|---|
| New Regime (default) | โน75,000 | Sec 16(ia) | Sec 20(a) |
| Old Regime (optional) | โน50,000 | Sec 16(ia) | Sec 20(a) |
| Professional Tax | Actual paid | Sec 16(iii) | Sec 20(c) |
| Entertainment Allowance (Govt only) | Least of 20% salary / โน5,000 / actual | Sec 16(ii) | Sec 20(b) |
| Perquisite | Taxability | Valuation |
|---|---|---|
| Rent-free accommodation (Govt) | Exempt | โ |
| Rent-free accommodation (Others) | Taxable | 15% of salary (metro) / 7.5% (non-metro) |
| Car โ provided by employer (personal use, up to 1600cc) | Taxable | โน1,800/month + โน900 (with driver) |
| Car โ provided by employer (personal use, above 1600cc) | Taxable | โน2,400/month + โน900 (with driver) |
| Meals in office (โค โน50/meal) | Exempt | โ |
| Gift / voucher from employer | Exempt up to โน5,000 | โ |
| Laptop / computer โ official use | Exempt | โ |
| Employee stock options (ESOP) on exercise | Taxable as perquisite | FMV โ exercise price at exercise date |
Income from let-out or deemed let-out property taxed under "Income from House Property". Sections largely retained with minor renumbering.
| Loss Type | Set-Off (same year) | Carry Forward Period |
|---|---|---|
| HP loss โ Old Regime | Set off against any income โ max โน2 lakh in same year | Balance carried forward 8 years โ only vs HP income |
| HP loss โ New Regime | โ Cannot set off against any other income head | Carried forward 8 years โ only vs future HP income |
| HP loss exceeding โน2 lakh (Old Regime) | Not set off in same year | 8 years โ only vs HP income |
Profits from business or professional activity. Presumptive taxation schemes available for eligible taxpayers to simplify compliance.
| Scheme | IT Act 2025 | IT Act 1961 | Eligible Taxpayers | Turnover Limit | Deemed Profit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Business | Sec 44AD | Sec 44AD | Resident Individual, HUF, Firm | โค โน2 Cr (โน3 Cr if 95%+ digital) | 8% (cash) / 6% (digital) |
| Profession | Sec 44ADA | Sec 44ADA | Doctor, CA, Lawyer, Engineer etc. | โค โน75L (โน1.5 Cr if 95%+ digital) | 50% of gross receipts |
| Goods carriage | Sec 44AE | Sec 44AE | Goods carriage owners (โค 10 vehicles) | โ | โน1,000/tonne (heavy) / โน7,500/vehicle |
| Taxpayer Type | Audit Required if Turnover Exceeds |
|---|---|
| Business | โน1 crore (or โน10 crore if 95%+ transactions digital) |
| Profession | โน50 lakh |
| Presumptive scheme opted but profit < prescribed rate | Mandatory regardless of turnover |
Tax on profit from sale of capital assets โ property, shares, mutual funds, gold, bonds. Revised by Finance Bill 2024 (effective 23 July 2024).
| Asset Type | LTCG Holding Period | STCG Rate | IT Act 2025 | IT Act 1961 | LTCG Rate | IT Act 2025 | IT Act 1961 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Listed equity / equity MF | > 12 months | 20% | Sec 111A | Sec 114 | 12.5% (above โน1.25L) | Sec 112A | Sec 115 |
| Unlisted shares / Debt MF | > 24 months | Slab rates | Sec 48 | Sec 48 | 12.5% | Sec 112 | Sec 113 |
| Immovable Property | > 24 months | Slab rates | Sec 48 | Sec 48 | 12.5% (no indexation) | Sec 112 | Sec 113 |
| Gold / Jewellery | > 24 months | Slab rates | Sec 48 | Sec 48 | 12.5% | Sec 112 | Sec 113 |
| Bonds (listed) | > 12 months | Slab rates | โ | โ | 12.5% | Sec 112 | Sec 113 |
| IT Act 2025 | IT Act 1961 | Invest in | Limit | Timeline |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sec 54 | Sec 56 | Residential house (from property sale) | No limit (1 house only) | Buy within 2 yrs / construct 3 yrs |
| Sec 54F | Sec 57 | Residential house (from non-property sale) | Full proceeds reinvested | Buy 1 yr before / 2 yrs after |
| Sec 54EC | Sec 58 | NHAI / REC bonds | โน50 lakh | Within 6 months; 5-year lock-in |
| Sec 54B | Sec 59 | Agricultural land | No limit | Within 2 years |
Deductions reduce taxable income. Available only under Old Tax Regime. Sections are renumbered in IT Act 2025 (Chapter VIII).
| IT Act 2025 | IT Act 1961 | Deduction For | Maximum Limit | Key Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sec 80C | Sec 123 | Specified investments | โน1,50,000 | PPF, ELSS, NSC, Life insurance, home loan principal, EPF, SSY, tuition fees |
| Sec 80CCC | Sec 124 | Pension fund premium | โน1,50,000 (within 80C) | LIC or approved pension plan |
| Sec 80CCD(1) | Sec 125(1) | Own NPS contribution | 10% of salary (within 80C total) | Tier-I NPS account only |
| Sec 80CCD(1B) | Sec 125(1B) | Additional NPS | โน50,000 (over and above 80C) | Tier-I NPS; separate from โน1.5L cap |
| Sec 80CCD(2) | Sec 125(2) | Employer's NPS contribution | 14% of salary (Govt) / 10% (others) | โ Available in New Regime also |
| Sec 80D | Sec 126 | Health insurance premium | โน25,000 (self) + โน25,000 (parents) = โน50,000 basic; โน75,000 if only parents are 60+; โน1,00,000 if self/family and parents both 60+ | Premium paid for self, spouse, children, parents |
| Sec 80E | Sec 128 | Education loan interest | No limit โ full interest | Higher education of self/spouse/children; max 8 years |
| Sec 80G | Sec 130 | Donations | 100% or 50% of donation | PM Relief Fund (100%), approved charitable trusts (50% with 10% ATI limit) |
| Sec 80TTA | Sec 136 | Savings bank interest | โน10,000 | Individuals & HUF (below 60 yrs) |
| Sec 80TTB | Sec 137 | Interest income (senior citizens) | โน1,00,000 | Residents aged 60+; covers savings, FD, post office. Doubled from โน50,000 โ Budget 2025 |
| Sec 80U | Sec 144 | Taxpayer with disability | โน75,000 (40-80%) / โน1,25,000 (severe) | Disability certificate from prescribed authority required |
Commonly used TDS sections with IT Act 1961 and IT Act 2025 section mapping. For all 91 TDS/TCS codes, see the TDS/TCS Section Master โ
TDS sections 192โ196D (IT Act 1961) are consolidated into Sections 392โ394 (IT Act 2025). All rates are unchanged for Tax Year 2026-27.
| IT Act 2025 | IT Act 1961 | Nature of Payment | Rate | Threshold |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sec 192 | Sec 392 | Salary | Slab rates | As per regime opted |
| Sec 193 | Sec 393(1) Sl.5(i) | Interest on securities | 10% | โน10,000 |
| Sec 194A | Sec 393(1) Sl.5(ii)(b) | Interest โ bank (non-senior citizen) | 10% | โน50,000 |
| Sec 194A | Sec 393(1) Sl.5(ii)(a) | Interest โ bank (senior citizen) | 10% | โน1,00,000 |
| Sec 194C | Sec 393(1) Sl.6(i)(a) | Contractor โ Individual / HUF | 1% | โน30,000 per / โน1L aggregate |
| Sec 194C | Sec 393(1) Sl.6(i)(b) | Contractor โ Company / Firm | 2% | โน30,000 per / โน1L aggregate |
| Sec 194D | Sec 393(1) Sl.1(i) | Insurance commission | 2% | โน20,000 |
| Sec 194H | Sec 393(1) Sl.1(ii) | Commission / brokerage | 2% | โน20,000 |
| Sec 194-I(a) | Sec 393(1) Sl.2(ii)(D)(a) | Rent โ machinery / plant | 2% | โน50,000/month |
| Sec 194-I(b) | Sec 393(1) Sl.2(ii)(D)(b) | Rent โ land / building | 10% | โน50,000/month |
| Sec 194-IB | Sec 393(1) Sl.2(i) | Rent paid by Individual/HUF | 2% | โน50,000/month |
| Sec 194-IA | Sec 393(1) Sl.3(i) | Purchase of immovable property | 1% | โน50,00,000 |
| Sec 194J(a) | Sec 393(1) Sl.6(iii)(a) | Technical services / royalty | 2% | โน50,000 |
| Sec 194J(b) | Sec 393(1) Sl.6(iii)(b) | Professional services / director fees | 10% | โน50,000 |
| Sec 194Q | Sec 393(1) Sl.8(ii) | Purchase of goods | 0.1% | โน50,00,000 |
| Sec 194S | Sec 393(1) Sl.8(vi) | VDA / Crypto transfer | 1% | Nil |
| Sec 194T | Sec 393(3) Sl.7 | Payment to partners of firm | 10% | โน20,000 |
| Sec 195 | Sec 393(2) Sl.17 | Payment to non-resident (other) | Rates in force | โ |
Filing the wrong ITR form makes the return defective. Under IT Act 2025, the same forms continue but references move from Sec 139 to Sec 263.
| ITR Form | Who Should File | Income Sources Covered |
|---|---|---|
| ITR-1 (Sahaj) | Resident individual; income โค โน50 lakh | Salary, 1 house property, other sources (interest), agriculture โค โน5,000 |
| ITR-2 | Individual/HUF โ no business income | All + capital gains, foreign income, more than 1 house property |
| ITR-3 | Individual/HUF โ with business/profession income | All ITR-2 sources + business/profession |
| ITR-4 (Sugam) | Individual/HUF/Firm โ presumptive taxation | 44AD business / 44ADA profession / 44AE transport โ income โค โน50 lakh |
| ITR-5 | Firms, LLPs, AOPs, BOIs, co-ops | All income (not for companies or individuals) |
| ITR-6 | Companies (except Sec 11 exemption) | All company income |
| ITR-7 | Trusts, political parties, research associations | Entities u/s 139(4A/4B/4C/4D) โ Sec 263(4Aโ4D) in IT Act 2025 |
| Taxpayer | Due Date | IT Act 2025 | IT Act 1961 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individual / HUF (no audit) | 31 July | Sec 139(1) | Sec 263(1) |
| Audit cases | 31 October | Sec 139(1) | Sec 263(1) |
| Transfer pricing | 30 November | Sec 139(1) | Sec 263(1) |
| Belated return | 31 December of AY | Sec 139(4) | Sec 263(4) |
| Revised return | 31 December of AY | Sec 139(5) | Sec 263(5) |
| Updated return | Within 24 months from end of AY | Sec 139(8A) | Sec 263(8) |
Pay tax in instalments during the financial year when total tax liability exceeds โน10,000 after TDS. Identical under both Acts โ only section numbers change.
| Instalment | Due Date | % of Total Tax (Normal) | % of Total Tax (Presumptive 44AD/ADA) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 15 June | 15% | โ |
| 2nd | 15 September | 45% (cumulative) | โ |
| 3rd | 15 December | 75% (cumulative) | โ |
| Final | 15 March | 100% | 100% by 15 March |
If advance tax paid < 90% of assessed tax โ interest at 1% per month from 1 April of AY till actual payment date.
If each instalment is short โ interest at 1% per month for 3 months (1 month for last instalment) on the shortfall.
Key due dates for income tax compliance. From FY 2026-27, section references shift to IT Act 2025. Always verify on the official e-filing portal as dates may be extended by CBDT notification.
| Date | Compliance | Who | IT Act 2025 | IT Act 1961 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 June | 1st Advance Tax Instalment (15%) | All advance tax payers | Sec 211 | Sec 253 |
| 31 July | ITR Filing โ non-audit cases | Individuals, HUF, AOP, BOI | Sec 139(1) | Sec 263(1) |
| 15 September | 2nd Advance Tax Instalment (45% cumulative) | All | Sec 211 | Sec 253 |
| 30 September | Tax Audit Report (Form 3CA/3CB + 3CD) | Audit cases | Sec 44AB | Sec 44AB |
| 31 October | ITR Filing โ Audit cases | Businesses, firms, companies | Sec 139(1) | Sec 263(1) |
| 30 November | ITR Filing โ Transfer pricing | International transaction entities | Sec 139(1) | Sec 263(1) |
| 15 December | 3rd Advance Tax Instalment (75% cumulative) | All | Sec 211 | Sec 253 |
| 31 December | Belated / Revised ITR | Missed July 31 deadline | Sec 139(4)/(5) | Sec 263(4)/(5) |
| 15 March | Final Advance Tax Instalment (100%) | All | Sec 211 | Sec 253 |
| 31 March | Updated return (previous 2 AYs) | All eligible taxpayers | Sec 139(8A) | Sec 263(8) |
| Deductor | Deposit Due Date | Quarterly Return |
|---|---|---|
| Government offices | Same day as deduction | Q1: 31 Jul ยท Q2: 31 Oct ยท Q3: 31 Jan ยท Q4: 31 May |
| Others (non-government) | 7th of following month; March TDS โ 30 April | Same as above |
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